Noreen is a freelance IA consultant, research analyst and mapmaker. Many of you know her as the Operations Manager of the IA Institute. For nearly twenty years, she has also been an advocate for open data access and sharing through GISMO, a NYC-based geographic information systems community. Her view of the evolution of emergency response technology comes both as an historian and a participant, beginning with her role recruiting volunteer geographers for the 9/11 response and culminating in a retrospective conference NYC GeoSymposium 2001-2011-2021, which was produced with the NYC Office of Emergency Management in November 2011.